When
the effective educator has already chosen the strategies, the next step is the
selection of the techniques. According to Herrera, S. (2011) techniques are:
“Specific actions or action sequences that have been designed to achieve a
defined, strategic objective” (p.192) Thus, techniques are located under the
umbrella of chosen strategies, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 Techniques based on the TPR.
Created by Mauricio Matabay
They
represent all physical objects used in the learning process such as school
supplies, classroom objects, felt boards, beakers, scales, food, etc. The use
of these materials grabs students’ attention and enables them to develop skills
and explore new concepts in contextualized and meaningful ways.
Figure 8 The use of realia in the classroom
Created by Mauricio Matabay
It is a type of distribution of students who
are placed in different groups in order to create a relatively uniform
distribution of students with different abilities, different educational, and
emotional needs.
The idea is to maximize every single student’s
ability and promote interaction. Roles for each student can be assigned at the
moment to work in groups.
Figure 9 Heterogeneous Grouping
Created by Mauricio Matabay
It is also better known as Rote learning.
According to Wikipedia (2015):
Rote learning is a memorization technique based
on repetition. The idea is that one will be able to quickly recall the meaning
of the material the more one repeats it. Some of the alternatives to rote
learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, and active
learning.
With a good lesson plan and adequate materials,
repetition is an effective technique to learn a foreign language in a short
time. For instance, when students need to learn the list of irregular verbs and
their conjugation, repetition is an alternative for retaining them in the
memory for a long time. The same can occur with vocabulary, sentences, and
complex structures for students. Making acronyms can help students to learn
complex structures.
Figure 10 Repetition
Created by Mauricio Matabay
Griss, S., (2013) referring to kinesthetic
teaching states: “It is the use of creative movement in the classroom to teach
across the curriculum” Thus, kinetics is a technique to learn a language by
using physical movement where students are released from a passive learning
role to engage them physically and creatively with the topics that they are
learning. It can be applied during classroom activities and discussions,
recess, before and after school activities, etc. It involves using songs,
chants, realia, visuals, etc.
Figure 11 Kinetics
Created by Mauricio Matabay
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